The NYPD is set to deploy the first body cameras to officers after resolving some of the thorniest issues on when to switch on the camera, how long to keep the tape and when to tell the public they're being recorded.
About 1,200 officers who work the evening shifts around the city will get the cameras starting at the end of the month. The pilot program was ordered by a judge following a 2013 ruling that officers were wrongly targeting black and Hispanic men with its stop-and-frisk program. At the time, few police departments used body cameras.
Their use has since exploded around the country following a string of killings of unarmed blacks by police and the ambush killings of officers in New York City, Dallas and Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Both officers and citizens have said cameras could help de-escalate situations that lead to violence.
The NYPD's deployment was delayed by a lengthy process to choose the camera company and questions on how they would work.
The department sought public comment through a questionnaire and worked with New York University's Policing Project to analyze the results. Some 25,000 people, plus 5,000 police officers, responded anonymously, and NYPD officials made changes based on the outcome.
Public response was disproportionately white relative to the city's population, police officials acknowledged. But the report found that on many key questions, there was little difference in response by race.
"I think this shows that the public can have a voice in policing," said Barry Friedman of NYU's Policing Project.
One change based on the results was to alert civilians they are being recorded.
"New Yorkers ... really want to be told they're being recorded," assistant deputy commissioner Nancy Hoppock said. "And officers really don't want to tell them."
Police won't record every interaction - even though the public would prefer it - because there's not enough storage capability and it would bump up against privacy laws and could stop witnesses from coming forward, officials said. The decision was heavily criticized by advocacy groups.
According to the proposal, submitted Friday to a federal monitor for approval, officers will turn on their cameras for arrests, summonses, vehicle stops, interactions with crime suspects, interactions with a mentally unstable person who is violent, or when using force. They record property searches. They won't record demonstrations unless there is a crime or other enforcement. The tapes will be kept for a year and the footage released publicly only in certain cases.
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Lawyers on the federal stop-and-frisk case, who are working with the NYPD, said the policy creates too much confusion on when to record.
"Making a call to turn on a camera in the heat of the moment is much more burdensome for officers," said attorney Darius Charney. "Just turning on the camera at the beginning is a much more straightforward approach."
The New York Civil Liberties Union and other advocacy groups say officers get too much control over the footage collected, and criticized the decision to allow police to view their tapes before making official statements on encounters.
The policy "won't help address police brutality, abuses and unjust killings of New Yorkers," said Mandela Jones of the group Communities United for Police Reform.
Officers will receive a day of training, and the order will be revised as the department gets feedback and does its own study using a yearlong comparison to officers without cameras.
Mayor Bill de Blasio has said he wants all 23,000 of its patrol officers outfitted with cameras by 2019.
